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1.
Biomacromolecules ; 25(1): 486-501, 2024 01 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38150323

RESUMO

Nucleic acid delivery with cationic polymers is a promising alternative to expensive viral-based methods; however, it often suffers from a lower performance. Herein, we present a highly efficient delivery system based on cinchona alkaloid natural products copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. Cinchona alkaloids are an attractive monomer class for gene delivery applications, given their ability to bind to DNA via both electrostatics and intercalation. To uncover the structure-activity profile of the system, four structurally similar cinchona alkaloids were incorporated into polymers: quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine. These polymers differed in the chain length, the presence or absence of a pendant methoxy group, and stereochemistry, all of which were found to alter gene delivery performance and the ways in which the polymers overcome biological barriers to transfection. Longer polymers that contained the methoxy-bearing cinchona alkaloids (i.e., quinine and quinidine) were found to have the best performance. These polymers exhibited the tightest DNA binding, largest and most abundant DNA-polymer complexes, and best endosomal escape thanks to their increased buffering capacity and closest nuclear proximity of the payload. Overall, this work highlights the remarkable efficiency of polymer systems that incorporate cinchona alkaloid natural products while demonstrating the profound impact that small structural changes can have on overcoming biological hurdles associated with gene delivery.


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Alcaloides de Cinchona , Quinina/farmacologia , Quinidina , Polímeros , Alcaloides de Cinchona/química , Alcaloides de Cinchona/metabolismo , DNA/genética
2.
PLoS One ; 18(9): e0291384, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37682968

RESUMO

Ectothermic animals can raise their body temperature under varying circumstances. Two such situations occur during sexual activity (as metabolic rate rises during copulatory movements) and during infection (to control pathogens more effectively). We have investigated these two situations using Tenebrio molitor males. We recorded the copulatory courtship behavior of sick (= infected with Metharizium robertsii fungus) vs healthy males and its link with body temperature. We predicted a positive relation between copulatory courtship (measured as antennal and leg contact behavior) and body temperature, especially in sick males. We found that the intensity of contacts correlated with increased body temperature in sick males. Previous studies in this species indicated that partner females laid fewer eggs after mating with sick males above a certain male body temperature threshold. Thus, our present findings suggest that females may detect male infection via intensity of antennal-mediated courtship, body temperature or their combination. If this is the case, females may assess male cues directly related to health status such as body temperature.


Assuntos
Corte , Tenebrio , Masculino , Animais , Feminino , Temperatura Corporal , Comunicação Celular , Copulação
3.
Chemosphere ; 342: 140133, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37704085

RESUMO

This study aims the development of photoelectrodes to be incorporated in a photoelectrocatalytic ozonation (PECO) process for tertiary treatment of urban wastewaters, targeting the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). PECO tests were performed using urban wastewater after secondary treatment fortified with Cefadroxil (CFX, C16H17N3O5S), as target model CEC. Three Nitrogen and Carbon doped TiO2 (CN-TiO2) electrodes were synthesized by anodizing at 50, 70, and 90 V, and calcined. These materials were characterized by X-Ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, to correlate defects with photoactivity. All photoanodes considerably reduced their main bandgaps by the incorporation of C and N species, to enable absorption capacities in the UV region using a Xe lamp. The lowest oxygen vacancy content and largest crystallite size were found for CN-TiO2-70, favoring the reduction of bulk defects that could act as recombination of charge carriers. Therefore, oxygen vacancies affect more the TiO2 photoactivity compared to the crystallite size or the light absorption capacity, confirming that a lower content of vacancies in the material bulk and surface doping significantly influence the activity as detected by Rietveld refinement, DRS, and XPS. The electrochemical techniques confirm that the highest photocurrent was obtained for CN-TiO2-70, whence this photoanode was chosen to carry out the CFX degradation. A point defect model simulating Nyquist plot reveals that the photoactivity depends on the speed to diffuse oxygen vacancies through the TiO2 coating. All abatement processes were followed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). At neutral and alkaline conditions, CFX is eliminated to levels below the analytical detection limit after 90 min of treatment (TOC removals of 87 and 91%, respectively), indicating that the coupling between the CN-TiO2-70 photocatalyst and ozone is effective in eliminating the contaminant due to parallel routes forming •OH species. Lower CFX degradation observed at acidic pH (TOC removal of 70%) is assigned to the difficulty of oxidizing protonated CFX species.


Assuntos
Luz , Oxigênio , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Titânio/química , Carbono/química
4.
RSC Adv ; 9(5): 2792-2798, 2019 Jan 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35520523

RESUMO

Goethite-titania (α-FeOOH-TiO2) composites were prepared by co-precipitation and mechanical milling. The structural, morphological and optical properties of as-synthesized composites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, respectively. α-FeOOH-TiO2 composites and TiO2-P25, as reference, were evaluated as photocatalysts for the disinfection of Escherichia coli under UV or visible light in a stirred tank reactor. α-FeOOH-TiO2 exhibited better photocatalytic activity in the visible region than TiO2-P25. The mechanical activation increased the absorption in the visible range of TiO2-P25 and the photocatalytic activity of α-FeOOH-TiO2. In the experiments with UV light and α-FeOOH-TiO2, mechanically activated, a 5.4 log-reduction of bacteria was achieved after 240 min of treatment. Using visible light the α-FeOOH-TiO2 and the TiO2-P25 showed a 3.1 and a 0.7 log-reductions at 240 min, respectively. The disinfection mechanism was studied by ROS detection and scavenger experiments, demonstrating that the main ROS produced in the disinfection process were superoxide radical anion, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical.

5.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 82(2): 105-11, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22735650

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of hemostatic failure and rate of vascular events during and after vascular compression using two different techniques. METHODS: Patients were randomized to mechanical or manual compression after a therapeutic or diagnostic catheterization procedure. RESULTS: One hundred patients were enrolled in the mechanical compression group (group one) and 112 patients in the manual compression group (group two). Failed hemostasis was observed in 48% of patients in group 1 and 19.7% in group two (p<0.001). A tendency towards a greater incidence for hematoma (>4 cm) formation was found on ultrasound follow-up in group 1 (11.4% vs 4.6%, p=0.062). Logistic regression analysis found that the only independent factors for hemostatic failure were: use of mechanical compression device (OR 4.34, 95% CI 2.24-8.43, p<0.001) and age greater than 61 years (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.3-4.7, p=0.008). A body mass index <26 was found to reduce the risk for hemostatic failure (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.78-0.94, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: After introducer sheath removal, manual compression is superior to mechanically-assisted hemostasis in avoiding hemostatic failure at vascular access site. This study was not able, however, to show the superiority of either method to reduce the rate of vascular complications due to the small sample size of patients enrolled at the time of early study termination for safety reasons.


Assuntos
Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/etiologia , Hemorragia/prevenção & controle , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Feminino , Artéria Femoral , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 82(2): 105-111, abr.-jun. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-657960

RESUMO

Objetivo: Comparar la incidencia de falla en la hemostasia y frecuencia de eventos vasculares, durante y después de la compresión con dos maniobras diferentes. Métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico de asignación aleatoria a compresión mecánica o compresión manual, para el retiro de introductor en arteria femoral posterior a cateterismo diagnóstico o terapéutico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes en el grupo de compresión con compresor (grupo uno) y 112 de forma manual (grupo dos). La falla para lograr hemostasia se presentó en 48% del grupo uno vs 19.7% en el grupo dos (p<0.001). Existió una tendencia a presentar con más frecuencia hematomas >4 cm durante el seguimiento con ultrasonido, en el grupo con compresor 11.4% vs el grupo manual 4.6% (p=0.062). En el análisis de regresión logística sólo se encontró que los factores independientes para falla en la hemostasia fueron: uso de compresor con OR 4.34 (IC 95%, 2.24-8.43, p<0.001) y edad mayor a 61 años con OR 2.44 (IC 95%, 1.3-4.7, p=0.008), el índice de masa corporal < 26 disminuyó el riesgo con OR 0.86 (IC 95%, 0.78-0.94, p=0.001). Conclusiones: Para el retiro de introductores, la compresión manual es superior al empleo del compresor mecánico para evitar la falla de hemostasia en el sitio de punción. Una limitación es que no se puede asegurar cuál de los dos métodos es superior para disminuir complicaciones vasculares, dado que no se completó el tamaño de muestra calculado.


Objective: To compare the incidence of hemostatic failure and rate of vascular events during and after vascular compression using two different techniques. Methods: Patients were randomized to mechanical or manual compression after a therapeutic or diagnostic catheterization procedure. Results: One hundred patients were enrolled in the mechanical compression group (group one) and 112 patients in the manual compression group (group two). Failed hemostasis was observed in 48% of patients in group 1 and 19.7% in group two (p<0.001). A tendency towards a greater incidence for hematoma (>4cm) formation was found on ultrasound follow-up in group 1 (11.4% vs 4.6%, p=0.062). Logistic regression analysis found that the only independent factors for hemostatic failure were: use of mechanical compression device (OR 4.34, 95% CI 2.24-8.43, p<0.001) and age greater than 61 years (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.3-4.7, p=0.008). A body mass index <26 was found to reduce the risk for hemostatic failure (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.78-0.94, p=0.001). Conclusion: After introducer sheath removal, manual compression is superior to mechanically-assisted hemostasis in avoiding hemostatic failure at vascular access site. This study was not able, however, to show the superiority of either method to reduce the rate of vascular complications due to the small sample size of patients enrolled at the time of early study termination for safety reasons.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Hemorragia/etiologia , Hemorragia/prevenção & controle , Artéria Femoral , Pressão , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-47119

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la población femenina de edad mediana del Policlínico Docente del Cerro en cuanto a la prevalencia de enfermedades del corazón, cerebrovascular y arterial periférica, así como de algunos factores de riesgo de aterosclerosis.MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo en una muestra de 711 mujeres entre los 40 y 59 años de edad, pertenecientes al Policlínico Docente del Cerro. A todas se les aplicó una encuesta para recoger los siguientes datos: edad, historia personal de enfermedades cardiovasculares, factores de riesgo y etapa del ciclo reproductivo.RESULTADOS: Se encontró que de las 711 mujeres entrevistadas, el 47,25 por ciento eran posmenopáusicas; el 42,0 por ciento fértiles y el 10,7 por ciento perimenopáusicas....(AU)


OBJECTIVE: To characterize the mean age female population from the Cerro polyclinic as regards the heart, cerebrovascular and arterial peripheral diseases prevalence, as well as the risk factor of atherosclerosis.METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in a sample including 711 women aged between 40and 59, from the Cerro Teaching Polyclinic. A survey was made to collect the following data: age, personal history of cardiovascular diseases, risk factors and stage of reproductive cycle. RESULTS: From the 711 women interviewed the 47,25 percent was in the postmenopause phase; the 42,0percent was in the fertile phase and the 10,7 percentwas in the perimenopause phase...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aterosclerose , Aterosclerose/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Menopausa
8.
Rev cuba angiol y cir vasc ; 11(1)2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-45553

RESUMO

INTRODUCIÓN: La percepción de riesgos es importante para lograr cambios de estilos de vida en el paciente con diabetes mellitus.OBJETIVO: Identificar la percepción de riesgos de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus en relación con el cuidados de los pies.MÉTODOS: Se entrevistó una muestra de 2 161 pacientes del municipio del Cerro. Se aplicó una encuesta que exploró 14 situaciones de riesgos vinculadas al autocuidado de los pies de los pacientes. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó frecuencia absoluta y relativa y media.RESULTADOS: Para la mayoría de los criterios analizados se encontraron respuestas adecuadas en el 70 por ciento, con excepción de usar sandalias (29,6 por ciento) y aplicar bolsas de agua (61,1 por ciento). Existe un número importante de pacientes que desconocen algunos de los riesgos estudiados. Los pacientes sin antecedentes de pie diabético mostraron mejor percepción de riesgos para la mayoría de las situaciones.CONCLUSIONES: La percepción de riesgos durante el autocuidado de los pies en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus es insuficiente, lo cual propicia conductas que pudieran aumentar la probabilidad de padecer pie diabético y sufrir amputaciones de miembros inferiores(AU)


INTRODUCTION: The perception of risks is important to achieve changes in lifestyles in patient presenting with diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: To identify the perception of risks in patients presenting with diabetes mellitus in relation to the feet care.METHODS: A sample of 2 161 patients was interviewed from Cerro municipality. A survey was applied exploring 14 risk situations linked to self-care of feet of patients. For statistic analysis the absolute, relative and mean frequency was used. RESULTS: For most of criteria analyzed there were appropriate responses in the 70 por cientoexcept in the use of sandals (29,6 por ciento) and to apply water bottles (61,1 por ciento). There is a significant number of patients that not to know some of study risks. Patients without backgrounds of diabetic foot showed a better perception of risks for most of situations. CONCLUSIONS: Perception of risks during the self-care of feet in patients presenting with diabetes mellitus is insufficient leading to behaviors that may to increase the possibility of suffering diabetic foot and undergo amputation of lower extremities(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pé Diabético/patologia , Pé Diabético/prevenção & controle , Risco
9.
Radiographics ; 29(7): 1939-54, 2009 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19926755

RESUMO

Coronary artery dilatations-aneurysms and ectasia-are an uncommon and frequently unrecognized incidental finding in patients with coronary artery disease. Aneurysms and ectasia are associated with a vast group of disorders, and the evaluation and characterization of coronary aneurysms and ectasia represent a great diagnostic task with clinical and therapeutic implications. The underlying etiology is variable and includes degenerative, congenital, inflammatory, infectious, toxic, and traumatic causes. Unlike aneurysms, ectasia is more frequently seen in association with atherosclerosis or as a compensatory mechanism in those cases in which a proximal stenosis is noted in the opposite coronary artery; ectasia is also seen in some coronary artery anomalies, such as anomalous origin from the pulmonary artery, or as a result of a high-flow state, as seen in coronary artery fistulas. The diagnostic approach depends on the clinical scenario, and nowadays, noninvasive evaluation with multidetector computed tomography is possible. Imaging assessment should include evaluation of (a) the distribution, (b) maximal diameter, (c) presence or absence of intraluminal thrombi, (d) number, (e) extension, and (f) associated complications such as myocardial infarction. This article presents an overview of the definition, classification, etiology, clinical manifestations, and potential complications of coronary artery aneurysms and ectasia.


Assuntos
Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Cardíaco/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Dilatação Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos
10.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 46(3)sept.-dic. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-531424

RESUMO

Describir la mortalidad evitable por enfermedades vasculares periféricas en Cuba, año 2005. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo sobre la mortalidad evitable por enfermedades vasculares periféricas en Cuba año 2005, para lo cual se calcularon los años de vida potenciales perdidos por muerte prematura, por edad, sexo, causas y provincias, y se calculó la razón estandarizada de mortalidad por sexo y provincias. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron números absolutos y tasas brutas y específicas de los años de vida potenciales perdidos por muerte prematura, razón y el método indirecto de tipificación. Las causas de muerte con mayor mortalidad prematura fueron los aneurismas aórticos abdominales, la disección aórtica y la angiopatía periférica diabética. La población de 80 años y más mostró mayor tasa de años de vida potenciales perdidos por muerte prematura y en el sexo masculino. Se observaron logros en la mortalidad de la población cubana en el año 2005 con respecto al año 2000, la reducción fue mayor en el sexo masculino, aunque la mortalidad de Cuba es muy superior a la registrada por la provincia de Cienfuegos en el año 2005. Las enfermedades arteriales en su conjunto mostraron mayor mortalidad prematura en la población. Se puso en evidencia la repercusión del envejecimiento poblacional sobre el comportamiento de la mortalidad por enfermedades vasculares periféricas. Existen reservas de futuras reducciones de la mortalidad que tienen posibilidades reales de producirse a partir de estrategias de salud encaminadas a modificar estilos de vida que reducirían los riesgos de enfermar y morir por ellas.


To describe preventable mortality from peripheral vascular diseases in Cuba during 2005. A retrospective and descriptive study on preventable mortality from peripheral vascular diseases in Cuba was undertaken in 2005. The potential years of life lost were calculated by premature death, age, sex, causes and provinces. The standardized ratio of mortality was also estimated by sex and provinces. Absolute numbers and gross and specific rates of the potential years of life lost by premature death, ratio, and the indirect typing method were used for the statistical analysis. The causes of death with higher premature mortality were abdominal aortic aneurisms, aortic dissection, and diabetic peripheral angiopathy. The population aged 80 and over showed the greatest rate of potential years of life lost by premature death, as well as males. Achievements were observed in the mortality of the Cuban population during 2005 compared with 2000. The reduction was greater in males, although mortality in Cuba is much higher than that registered in the province of Cienfuegos during 2005. Arterial diseases as a whole showed the highest premature mortality in the population. The repercussion of population aging on the behavior of mortality from peripheral vascular diseases was evidenced. There are reserves of future mortality reductions with real possibilities of occurring, starting from health strategies directed to modify life styles that would diminish the risks of getting sick and dying of these diseases.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Angiopatias Diabéticas/mortalidade , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
11.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 46(3)sept.-dic. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-40209

RESUMO

describir la mortalidad evitable por enfermedades vasculares periféricas en Cuba, año 2005. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo sobre la mortalidad evitable por enfermedades vasculares periféricas en Cuba año 2005, para lo cual se calcularon los años de vida potenciales perdidos por muerte prematura, por edad, sexo, causas y provincias, y se calculó la razón estandarizada de mortalidad por sexo y provincias. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron números absolutos y tasas brutas y específicas de los años de vida potenciales perdidos por muerte prematura, razón y el método indirecto de tipificación. Las causas de muerte con mayor mortalidad prematura fueron los aneurismas aórticos abdominales, la disección aórtica y la angiopatía periférica diabética. La población de 80 años y más mostró mayor tasa de años de vida potenciales perdidos por muerte prematura y en el sexo masculino. Se observaron logros en la mortalidad de la población cubana en el año 2005 con respecto al año 2000, la reducción fue mayor en el sexo masculino, aunque la mortalidad de Cuba es muy superior a la registrada por la provincia de Cienfuegos en el año 2005. Las enfermedades arteriales en su conjunto mostraron mayor mortalidad prematura en la población. Se puso en evidencia la repercusión del envejecimiento poblacional sobre el comportamiento de la mortalidad por enfermedades vasculares periféricas. Existen reservas de futuras reducciones de la mortalidad que tienen posibilidades reales de producirse a partir de estrategias de salud encaminadas a modificar estilos de vida que reducirían los riesgos de enfermar y morir por ellas(AU)


To describe preventable mortality from peripheral vascular diseases in Cuba during 2005. A retrospective and descriptive study on preventable mortality from peripheral vascular diseases in Cuba was undertaken in 2005. The potential years of life lost were calculated by premature death, age, sex, causes and provinces. The standardized ratio of mortality was also estimated by sex and provinces. Absolute numbers and gross and specific rates of the potential years of life lost by premature death, ratio, and the indirect typing method were used for the statistical analysis. The causes of death with higher premature mortality were abdominal aortic aneurisms, aortic dissection, and diabetic peripheral angiopathy. The population aged 80 and over showed the greatest rate of potential years of life lost by premature death, as well as males. Achievements were observed in the mortality of the Cuban population during 2005 compared with 2000. The reduction was greater in males, although mortality in Cuba is much higher than that registered in the province of Cienfuegos during 2005. Arterial diseases as a whole showed the highest premature mortality in the population. The repercussion of population aging on the behavior of mortality from peripheral vascular diseases was evidenced. There are reserves of future mortality reductions with real possibilities of occurring, starting from health strategies directed to modify life styles that would diminish the risks of getting sick and dying of these diseases(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Angiopatias Diabéticas/mortalidade , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
12.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 34(3)jul.-sept. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-506511

RESUMO

La flebitis y tromboflebitis de los miembros inferiores es una de las causas básicas de muerte por enfermedades vasculares periféricas y uno de los principales motivos de ingreso en los servicios de angiología del país. Identificar la mortalidad y la carga por muertes prematuras a consecuencia de la flebitis y tromboflebitis en la población cubana. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la mortalidad por flebitis y tromboflebitis en miembros inferiores en los años 2000 y 2005 según la base de datos de la Dirección Nacional de Estadística. Se realizó el cálculo de las tasas brutas y específicas de mortalidad por edad, sexo y la tasa de años de vida potenciales perdidos por muertes prematuras según sexo y provincias. La mayor tasa de mortalidad y de años de vida potenciales perdidos fue en el año 2005, en el grupo de edad de 60 años y más y en el sexo femenino. Incrementaron la carga por muertes prematuras las provincias de Ciego de Ávila, Camagüey, Villa Clara, Cienfuegos, Santiago de Cuba, Pinar del Río, Matanzas, Isla de la Juventud y Ciudad de La Habana. Estos resultados ofrecen una visión más amplia del impacto de la trombosis venosa en los miembros inferiores sobre el patrón de mortalidad del país. La carga por muertes prematuras constituye un elemento más, para planificar e implementar las políticas de salud relativas a las enfermedades venosas de los miembros inferiores.


Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities is one of the basic causes of death from peripheral vascular diseases and one of the main reasons for admission to the Angiology Services throughout the country. Objectives To identify mortality rates and burden of premature deaths from phlebitis and thrombophlebitis occurred in the Cuban population. A retrospective descriptive study of mortality from phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of lower extremities in Cuba in the years 2000 and 2005 was conducted, taking data from the National Division of Statistics as a basis. Gross and specific mortality rates by sex and age, and the rate of potential lost years of life caused by premature deaths by sex and province were estimated. The highest mortality rate and potential lost years of life rate were found in the over 60 years-old group and the female sex in the year 2005. The burden of premature deaths increased in Ciego de Avila, Camaguey, Villa Clara, Cienfuegos, Santiago de Cuba, Pínar del Río, Matanzas, Isla de la Juventud and Ciudad de la Habana provinces. These results provide a broader overview of the impact of venous thrombosis on the lower limbs according to the national mortality patterns. The burden of premature deaths is another element for the planning and implementation of health policies related to venous diseases in the lower extremities.


Assuntos
Flebite/mortalidade , Tromboflebite/mortalidade
13.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 34(3)jul.-sep. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-36811

RESUMO

La flebitis y tromboflebitis de los miembros inferiores es una de las causas básicas de muerte por enfermedades vasculares periféricas y uno de los principales motivos de ingreso en los servicios de angiología del país. Identificar la mortalidad y la carga por muertes prematuras a consecuencia de la flebitis y tromboflebitis en la población cubana. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la mortalidad por flebitis y tromboflebitis en miembros inferiores en los años 2000 y 2005 según la base de datos de la Dirección Nacional de Estadística. Se realizó el cálculo de las tasas brutas y específicas de mortalidad por edad, sexo y la tasa de años de vida potenciales perdidos por muertes prematuras según sexo y provincias. La mayor tasa de mortalidad y de años de vida potenciales perdidos fue en el año 2005, en el grupo de edad de 60 años y más y en el sexo femenino. Incrementaron la carga por muertes prematuras las provincias de Ciego de Ávila, Camagüey, Villa Clara, Cienfuegos, Santiago de Cuba, Pinar del Río, Matanzas, Isla de la Juventud y Ciudad de La Habana. Estos resultados ofrecen una visión más amplia del impacto de la trombosis venosa en los miembros inferiores sobre el patrón de mortalidad del país. La carga por muertes prematuras constituye un elemento más, para planificar e implementar las políticas de salud relativas a las enfermedades venosas de los miembros inferiores(AU)


Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities is one of the basic causes of death from peripheral vascular diseases and one of the main reasons for admission to the Angiology Services throughout the country. Objectives To identify mortality rates and burden of premature deaths from phlebitis and thrombophlebitis occurred in the Cuban population. A retrospective descriptive study of mortality from phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of lower extremities in Cuba in the years 2000 and 2005 was conducted, taking data from the National Division of Statistics as a basis. Gross and specific mortality rates by sex and age, and the rate of potential lost years of life caused by premature deaths by sex and province were estimated. The highest mortality rate and potential lost years of life rate were found in the over 60 years-old group and the female sex in the year 2005. The burden of premature deaths increased in Ciego de Avila, Camaguey, Villa Clara, Cienfuegos, Santiago de Cuba, Pínar del Río, Matanzas, Isla de la Juventud and Ciudad de la Habana provinces. These results provide a broader overview of the impact of venous thrombosis on the lower limbs according to the national mortality patterns. The burden of premature deaths is another element for the planning and implementation of health policies related to venous diseases in the lower extremities(AU)


Assuntos
Flebite/mortalidade , Tromboflebite/mortalidade
14.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 27(2)abr.-jun. 2008. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-506272

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de las infecciones de heridas quirúrgicas en los servicios del Instituto Nacional de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular en los años 2000-2005. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo durante 6 años, donde se vigilaron todas las cirugías efectuadas. Se calcularon frecuencias absolutas, relativas, tasas brutas y específicas. Resultados: Las infecciones de heridas quirúrgicas constituyeron más del 60 por ciento de las infecciones nosocomiales. Hubo un incremento de las sepsis de heridas quirúrgicas a expensas fundamentalmente de las amputaciones supracondíleas. El servicio de Angiopatía diabética aporta más del 65 por ciento de las infecciones. Los gérmenes aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron Escherichia Coli, Proteus spp y ECP. Conclusiones: La sepsis de heridas quirúrgicas se incrementó en este período, siendo el principal problema de sepsis nosocomial del instituto. La tasa de sepsis de cirugía limpia se mantiene en valores aceptables. El mayor número de cepas aisladas corresponde a microorganismos gram negativos.


Objetive:To determine incidence of surgical wounds sepsis in services of National Institute of Angiology and Vascular Surgery during 200-2005. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out during 6 years to watch over all surgiries performed. We calculate absolute and relatives frequencies, net and specific rates. Results: Infections in surgical wounds were more than 60 percent of nosocomial infections. There was a increase of sepsis in surgical wounds, mainly, at the expense of supracondylar amputations. Service of diabetic Angiopathy account for more than 65 percent of this type of infection. iMore frequent isolated germs were Escherichia coli, Proteus spp and ECP. Conclusions: Sepsis in surgical wounds increased in this period, where the major problem of nosocomial sepsis remains in acceptable values. High number of isolated strains is of Gram-negative microorganisms.


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
15.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 27(2)abr.-jun. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-506274

RESUMO

Objetivo:Describir la mortalidad por Enfermedades Vasculares Periféricas en Cuba según edad, sexo, causas de muerte y provincias. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. En el análisis estadístico se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas, tasas brutas, específicas y tipificadas de mortalidad. Resultados: Las principales causas de muerte fueron los aneurismas aórticos abdominales, otras enfermedades vasculares periféricas y disección aórtica. El riesgo de morir se incrementó con la edad de la población, la mayor tasa de mortalidad fue en el grupo de edad de 80 años y más y en el sexo masculino, mientras las provincias con mayores tasas fueron Sancti Spíritus, Ciego de Avila y Villa Clara. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades arteriales en su conjunto mostraron una mayor mortalidad. Se puso en evidencia la repercusión del envejecimiento poblacional sobre la mortalidad. La sobremortalidad masculina, indica una desventaja en los hombres en cuanto a la mortalidad por enfermedades vasculares periféricas.


Objetive:To describe mortality from peripheral vascular diseases in Cuba by age, sex, death causes and provinces. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out. In statistical analysis we used absolute frequency, net rates specific and typified of mortality. Results: Main death causes were abdominal aortic aneurysms, other peripheral vascular diseases and aortic dissection. Death risk increased with people age, higher rate of mortality was in aged 80 and oldest, and in male sex, while provinces with higher rates were Sancti Spiritus, Ciego de Avila, and Villa Clara. Conclusions: Artery diseases as a whole, showed a higher mortality rate. We demonstrate repercussion of aging on mortality. Male overmortality show a disadvantage in men as regards to mortality from peripheral vascular diseases.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/mortalidade , Cuba , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
16.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 27(2)abr.-jun. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-37353

RESUMO

Objetivo:Describir la mortalidad por Enfermedades Vasculares Periféricas en Cuba según edad, sexo, causas de muerte y provincias. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. En el análisis estadístico se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas, tasas brutas, específicas y tipificadas de mortalidad. Resultados: Las principales causas de muerte fueron los aneurismas aórticos abdominales, otras enfermedades vasculares periféricas y disección aórtica. El riesgo de morir se incrementó con la edad de la población, la mayor tasa de mortalidad fue en el grupo de edad de 80 años y más y en el sexo masculino, mientras las provincias con mayores tasas fueron Sancti Spíritus, Ciego de Avila y Villa Clara. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades arteriales en su conjunto mostraron una mayor mortalidad. Se puso en evidencia la repercusión del envejecimiento poblacional sobre la mortalidad. La sobremortalidad masculina, indica una desventaja en los hombres en cuanto a la mortalidad por enfermedades vasculares periféricas(AU)


Objetive:To describe mortality from peripheral vascular diseases in Cuba by age, sex, death causes and provinces. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out. In statistical analysis we used absolute frequency, net rates specific and typified of mortality. Results: Main death causes were abdominal aortic aneurysms, other peripheral vascular diseases and aortic dissection. Death risk increased with people age, higher rate of mortality was in aged 80 and oldest, and in male sex, while provinces with higher rates were Sancti Spiritus, Ciego de Avila, and Villa Clara. Conclusions: Artery diseases as a whole, showed a higher mortality rate. We demonstrate repercussion of aging on mortality. Male overmortality show a disadvantage in men as regards to mortality from peripheral vascular diseases(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/mortalidade , Cuba , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
17.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 27(2)abr.-jun. 2008. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-37351

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de las infecciones de heridas quirúrgicas en los servicios del Instituto Nacional de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular en los años 2000-2005. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo durante 6 años, donde se vigilaron todas las cirugías efectuadas. Se calcularon frecuencias absolutas, relativas, tasas brutas y específicas. Resultados: Las infecciones de heridas quirúrgicas constituyeron más del 60 por ciento de las infecciones nosocomiales. Hubo un incremento de las sepsis de heridas quirúrgicas a expensas fundamentalmente de las amputaciones supracondíleas. El servicio de Angiopatía diabética aporta más del 65 por ciento de las infecciones. Los gérmenes aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron Escherichia Coli, Proteus spp y ECP. Conclusiones: La sepsis de heridas quirúrgicas se incrementó en este período, siendo el principal problema de sepsis nosocomial del instituto. La tasa de sepsis de cirugía limpia se mantiene en valores aceptables. El mayor número de cepas aisladas corresponde a microorganismos gram negativos(AU)


Objetive:To determine incidence of surgical wounds sepsis in services of National Institute of Angiology and Vascular Surgery during 200-2005. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out during 6 years to watch over all surgiries performed. We calculate absolute and relatives frequencies, net and specific rates. Results: Infections in surgical wounds were more than 60 percent of nosocomial infections. There was a increase of sepsis in surgical wounds, mainly, at the expense of supracondylar amputations. Service of diabetic Angiopathy account for more than 65 percent of this type of infection. iMore frequent isolated germs were Escherichia coli, Proteus spp and ECP. Conclusions: Sepsis in surgical wounds increased in this period, where the major problem of nosocomial sepsis remains in acceptable values. High number of isolated strains is of Gram-negative microorganisms(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
18.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 24(1)ene.-mar. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-499291

RESUMO

Se identificaron los conocimientos y conductas de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus sobre el pie diabético. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en 2 consultorios del Policlínico Hermanos Ruíz Aboy, del municipio San Miguel del Padrón. Se ejecutaron 4 grupos focales, con un total de 28 participantes de ambos sexos, entre 50 y 80 años de edad. La mayoría de los pacientes mostró falta de conocimientos sobre la definición de pie diabético y sus factores de riesgo. Los pacientes realizan un autocuidado insuficiente de sus pies y asumen conductas de riesgo por la falta de educación. Consideramos importante reforzar el componente educativo en la atención integral de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus para elevar su nivel de conocimientos, crear hábitos saludables y evitar la aparición del pie diabético. La técnica del grupo focal constituyó un instrumento rápido y efectivo para la obtención de información.


The knowledge and behavior of the patients with diabetes mellitus in connection with the diabetic foot were identified. A qualitative study was conducted in 2 family physician's offices of Hermanos Ruíz Aboy Polyclinic of San Miguel del Padrón municipality. 4 focal groups were selected with a total of 28 participants aged 50-80 of both sexes. Most of the patients lacked knowledge to define the diabetic foot and its risk factors. The patients' self-care of their feet is insufficient and they assume risk conducts due to their deficient education. It is important to reinforce the educative component in the comprehensive attention of the patients with diabetes mellitus to raise their knowledge level, to create healthy habits and to prevent the appearance of diabetic foot. The focal group technique is a rapid and effective tool to obtain information.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pé Diabético , Fatores de Risco
19.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 24(1)ene.-mar. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-36187

RESUMO

Se identificaron los conocimientos y conductas de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus sobre el pie diabético. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en 2 consultorios del Policlínico Hermanos Ruíz Aboy, del municipio San Miguel del Padrón. Se ejecutaron 4 grupos focales, con un total de 28 participantes de ambos sexos, entre 50 y 80 años de edad. La mayoría de los pacientes mostró falta de conocimientos sobre la definición de pie diabético y sus factores de riesgo. Los pacientes realizan un autocuidado insuficiente de sus pies y asumen conductas de riesgo por la falta de educación. Consideramos importante reforzar el componente educativo en la atención integral de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus para elevar su nivel de conocimientos, crear hábitos saludables y evitar la aparición del pie diabético. La técnica del grupo focal constituyó un instrumento rápido y efectivo para la obtención de información(AU)


The knowledge and behavior of the patients with diabetes mellitus in connection with the diabetic foot were identified. A qualitative study was conducted in 2 family physician's offices of Hermanos Ruíz Aboy Polyclinic of San Miguel del Padrón municipality. 4 focal groups were selected with a total of 28 participants aged 50-80 of both sexes. Most of the patients lacked knowledge to define the diabetic foot and its risk factors. The patients' self-care of their feet is insufficient and they assume risk conducts due to their deficient education. It is important to reinforce the educative component in the comprehensive attention of the patients with diabetes mellitus to raise their knowledge level, to create healthy habits and to prevent the appearance of diabetic foot. The focal group technique is a rapid and effective tool to obtain information(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pé Diabético , Fatores de Risco
20.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 22(2)abr.-jun. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-478696

RESUMO

Los medicamentos constituyen la tecnología médica más utilizada en el mundo contemporáneo. La prescripción de un medicamento no debe ser considerado como un acto reflejo, una receta de cocina o una respuesta a las presiones comerciales o de los pacientes. Se aplicó una encuesta anónima a 450 pacientes medicados con espasmoforte para describir el uso de este fármaco en el Cuerpo de Guardia. La prescripción del medicamento fue elevada y relacionada erróneamente con la cefalea migrañosa. El costo del sobreuso es elevado y necesita ser más racional y eficaz su prescripción.


Assuntos
Humanos , Parassimpatolíticos/efeitos adversos , Parassimpatolíticos , Parassimpatolíticos/uso terapêutico
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